Actualités

Un article intitulé "High Resistance Mutation to cART in HIV-1 Exposed Infected Children and Recent Emergence of CRF02_AG Variant in Bouar, A Rural Environment of Central African Republic" vient de paraître dans "Journal of Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"

Auteurs : Ulrich Vickos, Giovanni Gaiera, Nicola Cotugno, Christelle Luce Bobossi Gadia, Ornella Anne Sibiro Demi, Angelo Sala, Michela Sampaolo, Alain Le Faou, Enzo Boeri.

Journal of Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, 6, 2022, 155-176. https://doi.org/10.26502/jppch.74050099

Abstract

Introduction: The emergence of HIV-1 recombinant forms and drug combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) resistance are frequent in the therapeutic course of HIV-infected children in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMIC) precisely in Central African Republic (CAR) as evidenced by studies carried out in the Bangui capital. Vertical transmission rate including breastfeeding is 12.4. The aim is to analyze retrospectively the molecular characterization of sequencing results and mutation detected in HIV infected children under cART since infancy.

Methods: The 2019 retrospective review of the clinical, therapeutical, and immunological-molecular records of six children who were performed the genome sequencing, followed in Bouar, at the St Michel IST/HIV Center, in the north-west of the CAR. These perinatal HIV-infected children were not tested early and started late cART regimens, used for vertical transmission prevention and treatment initiation of HIV infection in CAR.

Results: We analyzed results from viral RNA extracted amplification and sequencing of 6 children plasma samples collected under first line ART. Sequencing of viral genomes revealed high level resistance mutations to NRTIs (ABC/FTC/3TC) and to NNRTIs (EFV/NVP used locally and DOR/ETR/ RPV unused) with ambiguous positions in amino-acids comparison and deletion. Three CRF02_AG strains formed a cluster by strongly detaching from other CAR and worldwide strains with robust boostrap at 91.

Conclusions: The genomes sequencing showed that resistance mutations made the treatment inefficient confirming the clinical, immunological, and virol-ogical failure and an emerging CRF02_AG genotype variant, probably of foreign origin. This discovery clearly highlights the importance of ART genetic resistance testing and personalized medicine.

Sarah El Hajj soutiendra sa thèse de doctorat intitulée "Innovative screening methodology for metal chelating peptides with antioxidant properties using Surface Plasmon Resonance" dans l'amphithéatre A à l'ENSIC le mardi 22 mars à 14h. 

Un article intitulé " Current Knowledge on the Oxidative-Stress-Mediated Antimicrobial Properties of Metal-Based Nanoparticles " vient de paraître dans " Microorganism "

Auteurs : Nour Mammari, Emmanuel Lamouroux, Ariane Boudier et Raphaël E. Duval

Microorganisms 2022, 10(2), 437; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020437

Abstract

The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in recent years has been alarming and represents a major public health problem. The development of effective antimicrobial agents remains a key challenge. Nanotechnologies have provided opportunities for the use of nanomaterials as components in the development of antibacterial agents. Indeed, metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) show an effective role in targeting and killing bacteria via different mechanisms, such as attraction to the bacterial surface, destabilization of the bacterial cell wall and membrane, and the induction of a toxic mechanism mediated by a burst of oxidative stress (e.g., the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)). Considering the lack of new antimicrobial drugs with novel mechanisms of action, the induction of oxidative stress represents a valuable and powerful antimicrobial strategy to fight MDR bacteria. Consequently, it is of particular interest to determine and precisely characterize whether NPs are able to induce oxidative stress in such bacteria. This highlights the particular interest that NPs represent for the development of future antibacterial drugs. Therefore, this review aims to provide an update on the latest advances in research focusing on the study and characterization of the induction of oxidative-stress-mediated antimicrobial mechanisms by metal-based NPs.

Un éditorial intitulé " Separation Methods in Biomedical Analysis, a Booming Field " vient de paraître dans " Separations "

Auteurs : Arnaud Pallotta, Ariane Boudier, Jérémie Gouyon Et Igor Clarot

Separations 2022, 9(2), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations9020051

Un article intitulé " Questioning the early events leading to the COVID-19 pandemic" vient de paraître dans " Health Risk Analysis "

Auteurs : Reis J., Frutos R., Buguet A., Le Faou A., Sandner G., Román G.C., Spencer P.S

Health Risk Analysis, 2021, no. 4, pp. 4–15. https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2021.4.01.eng

Abstract

Sixteen months after the January 30, 2020 declaration by the World Health Organization of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern regarding the spread of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 had infected ~ 170 million humans worldwide of which > 3.5 million had died. We critically examine information on the virus origin, when and where the first human cases occurred, and point to differences between Chinese and later clinical presentations. The official patient Zero was hospitalized in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, on December 8, 2019, but retrospective analyses demonstrate prior viral circulation. Coronaviruses are present in mammals and birds, but whether a wild animal (e.g. bat, pangolin) was the source of the human pandemic remains disputed. We present two contamination models, the spillover versus the circulation model; the latter brings some interesting hypotheses about previous SARS-CoV-2 virus circulation in the human population. The age distribution of hospitalized COVID-19 patients at the start of the epidemic differed between China and the USA–EU; Chinese hospitalized patients were notably younger. The first Chinese publications did not describe anosmia-dysgeusia, a cardinal symptom of COVID-19 in Europe and USA. The prominent endothelial involvement linked with thrombotic complications was discovered later. These clinical discrepancies might suggest an evolution of the virus.

Un article intitulé "Physicochemical degradation of phycocyanin and means to improve its stability: A short review." vient de paraître dans " Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis "

Auteurs : Aïda Adjali, Igor Clarot, Zilin Chen, Eric Marchioni, Ariane Boudier

Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2021, 12, 3, 406-414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2021.12.005

Abstract

The cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis, spirulina, is a source of pigments such as phycobiliprotein and phycocyanin. Phycocyanin is used in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. The different steps involved in extraction and purification of this protein can alter the final properties. In this review, the stability of phycocyanin (pH, temperature, and light) is discussed, considering the physicochemical parameters of kinetic modeling. The optimal working pH range for phycocyanin is between 5.5 and 6.0 and it remains stable up to 45 °C; however, exposure to relatively high temperatures or acidic pH decreases its half-life and increases the degradation kinetic constant. Phycobiliproteins are sensitive to light; preservatives such as mono- and di-saccharides, citric acid, or sodium chloride appear to be effective stabilizing agents. Encapsulation within nano- or micro-structured materials such as nanofibers, microparticles, or nanoparticles, can also preserve or enhance its stability.

Un article intitulé " Clinical and Organizational Impacts of Medical Ordering Settings on Patient Pathway and Community Pharmacy Dispensing Process: The Prospective ORDHOSPIVILLE Study" vient de paraître dans " Pharmacy "

Auteurs : Justine Clarenne, Julien Gravoulet, Virginie Chopard, Julia Rouge, Amélie Lestrille, François Dupuis, Léa Aubert, Sophie Malblanc, Coralie Barbe, Florian Slimano et Céline Mongaret

Pharmacy 2022, 10(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy10010002

Abstract

During the dispensing process of medical orders (MOs), community pharmacists (CPs) can manage drug-related problems (DRPs) by performing pharmacist interventions (PIs). There is little evidence that the PI rate is higher with MOs from hospitals (MOHs) than ambulatory (MOAs) settings, and their impact on the patient and community pharmacy is unknown. The primary objective of this study was to compare the MOH and MOA PI rates. The secondary objective was to describe PIs and their clinical and organizational impacts on patient and community pharmacy workflow. A total of 120 CPs participated in a prospective study. Each CP included 10 MOH and 10 MOA between January and June 2020. DRP and PI description and clinical and organizational impacts between MOH and MOA were assessed and compared. We analyzed 2325 MOs. PIs were significantly more frequent in MOH than in MOA (9.7% versus 4.7%; p < 0.001). The most reported PI was the difficulty of contacting hospital prescribers (n = 45; 52.2%). MOHs were associated with a longer dispensing process time and a greater impact on patient pathway and community pharmacy workflow than MOAs. Lack of communication between hospital and primary care settings partly explains the results. Implementation of clinical pharmacy activities at patient discharge could alleviate these impacts.

Un article intitulé " Analytical Methods for the Quantification of Selenium Species in Biological Matrix: Where are We?"

Auteurs : Rama Alhasan , Caroline Perrin-Sarrado, Claus Jacob et Caroline Gaucher

Current Nutraceuticals, 2022, 3, 1. https://doi.org/10.2174/2665978602666211117154655

Abstract

Objective: Over the years, scientific investigations have proven the importance of selenium as an essential element for mammals, emphasizing its activity against many diseases and even its prophylactic effects. It is also established now that a malconsumption of selenium can be harmful. Therefore, the nature and the concentration of selenium and its derivatives found in the diet, the body, and even in the environment, for example, in the soil, should be determined carefully.

Methods: In this review, analytical methods for speciation and determination of selenium concentrations in biological samples are summarized.

Results: Methods ranging from routine to cutting-edge are explored, focusing on their analytical characteristics, such as specificity for discrete selenium species, sensitivity, accuracy, reproducibility, and skills required.

Conclusion: There are already numerous studies regarding the analysis of selenium species. Beyond the method employed for actual measurements, we propose to review the preanalytic steps for sample handling in biological matrices, which directly affect results that will be more accurate with careful pretreatment. Furthermore, to reach better outcomes in terms of the identification of selenium species, different combinations of techniques might be the answer. We highlight here the last and the cutting-edge methods to identify and quantify selenium such as, high-performance liquid chromatography combined to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS), hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS), hydride-generation combined to atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS), or to inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (HG-ICP-OES). This review emphasizes the importance of such investigations and the need to achieve reliable, safe, and effective quantification and methods of determination.

Un article intitulé "Monitoring of Gold Biodistribution from Nanoparticles Using a HPLC-Visible Method." vient de paraître dans "Separations"

Auteurs : Chaigneau, T.; Pallotta, A.; Benaddi, F.Z.; Sancey, L.; Chakir, S.; Boudier, A.; Clarot, I.

Separations 2021, 8, 215. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations8110215

Abstract

There is intensive research using gold nanoparticles for biomedical purposes, which have many advantages such as ease of synthesis and high reactivity. Their possible small size (<10 nm) can lead to the crossing of biological membranes and then to problematic dissemination and storage in organs that must be controlled and evaluated. In this work, a simple isocratic HPLC method was developed and validated to quantify the gold coming from nanoparticles in different biological samples. After a first carbonization step at 900 °C, the nanoparticles were oxidized by dibroma under acidic conditions, leading to tetrachloroaurate ions that could form ion pairs when adding rhodamine B. Finally, ion pairs were extracted and rhodamine B was evaluated to quantify the corresponding gold concentration by reversed-phase HPLC with visible detection. The method was validated for different organs (liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, or brain) and fluids (plasma and urine) from rats and mice. Lastly, the developed method was used to evaluate the content of gold in organs and fluids after intravenous (IV) injection of nanoparticles.

Justine Bonetti soutiendra sa thèse de doctorat intitulée "Potentiel thérapeutique des S-nitrosothiols dans la prévention de l'athérosclérose : modulation de la métaplasie des monocytes et des cellules musculaires lisses" dans la salle de réunion du laboratoire de l'équipe ce mercredi 3 novembre à 14h.